Plow.



N. GIUSTO.

Patented Feb. 2, 1909.

Tn: non)!" Flt! cm, WASHINGTON, n. I:

' N. GIUSTO.

PLOW.

APPLICATION nun APR. 11, 1908.

Patented Feb. 2, 1909.

' 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2. Y

snmarou, n. c.

NiooLA GI'Us'ro, or NEW YORK, N. Y.

PLOW.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 2, 1909.

Application filed April 11, 1908. Serial No. 426,422.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NICOLA (knew, a subject of the King of Italy, and resident of New York, borough of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have made a new and useful Invention in Plows, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is directed particularly to improvements in that type of plow in which the soil is acted upon by a series of power impelled rotary spades or shovels, and it is designed to operate in such manner that the soil is broken up or pulverized at a single operation and to such an extent as to permit the immediate seeding thereof without the use of harrows, cultivators, rollers, and like devices, and it has for its objects, first, to devise a plow of this nature which will turn the soil upside down so that the vegetable matter, manure, or other enriching substances located on the surface thereof will be transferred beneath the turned soil and thereby obtain the best enriching efiects from such substances. Second, to provide a low of this nature which will be adapted to first divide or sever the soil into a series of strips through the agency of cutters or blades, and afterwards through the agency of rotary spades or shovels and ejecting means completely turn all of the strips thus cut upside down, thereby enabling one to prepare the soil ,for immediate seeding with great speed and efiectiveness. Third, to provide-a plow of this nature which shall be adjustable to such an extent as to enable the user to regulate the depth at which the soil may be prepared for seeding. Fourth, to provide a plow of this nature which may be either drawn by animals, or any extraneous source of power as a steam'or explosive engine; or which may, if desired, be propelled by a source of power carried by the wheels which support and guide the plow itself- For a full and clear understanding of my invention such as will enable others skilled in the art to construct and use the same, reference is had to the accompanying drawings, in which, i

Figure 1 is aside elevational view of my improved plow as seen in'operation moving from left to right in the direction of the arrow, parts of. the apparatus being shown in sectional view. Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof as seen looking at Fig. 1 from the top toward the bottom of the drawings, the upper spade or shovel, however, being, removed in this view for the purpose of better illustrating the complete structure of the adjoining parts. Fig. Sis a sectional view taken through half of .the drum or cylinder which supports or carries the strip cutters or blades. Fig. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of that part of the plow proper which effects the removal of the soil from the rotary spades or shovels and the pulverizing thereof as it is turned over and thus prepared for seeding purposes. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the rotary spades or shovels and driving sprocket wheels, the ejecting means, however, not being shown in this view.

' Referring now to the drawings in detail 1 represents a strong rectangular shaped frame provided at its four corners with upright standards or posts 2, 2, 2, 2, and 3 represents an iron rod extending entirely around the frame and attached at its opposite ends to the four standards, and at its center on both sides to the body of the frame under inwardly projecting extensions of the journal bearings of a part of the driving gear of the s ades or shovels to be hereinafter described, tlie function of said rod being to give great strength to the structure.

4 is a hollow drum having two concentric cylindrical walls 16 and 17 (see Figs. 1 and 3) 19 and 20 being rectangular shaped o enings located in alinement with each other t rou h said walls for the purpose of receiving t e wedge-shaped extensions or arms of cutters or blades 18, 18 (see Fig. 1) there being as shown in the drawings and particularly in Figs. 2 and 3, six, complete series of such cutters or blades which are detachably secured in place between the two concentric walls by a series of bolts 21 which perform the double function of holding them and also holding the drum 4 in rigid relation with the main driving sprocket wheels 5, 5, of cast metal to which the drum is secured, said sprocket wheels being journaled in journal bearings on the inside of the frame 1 and the entire arrangement such that any cutter or blade may be withdrawn for repairs or a new one substituted therefor at will, most of these blades being removed in the plan view, Fig. 1.

6, 6, are sprocket-wheels upon asecond shaft su ported in journal bearings carried by the rame and about the center thereof, said s rocket-wheels being interconnected with tile sprocket wheels 5, 5, by sprocket chains 7,

8, 8, are additional sprocket-wheels on the same shaft with the sprocket wheels 6, 6, of greater diameters, and 9, 9 are smaller sprocket wheels upon tWo rotary hubs 18, 13 adapted to rotate upon a stationary shaft 14 supported also by the frame, 10, 10 being sprocket chains for connecting the sprocket wheels 9, 9 with the sprocket heels 8, 8.

11, 11 are downward angular extensions beneath the frame provided with oblong slots as shown and adapted to support four spindles 12, 12, 12, 12 through the agency of adjustable bolts, said spindles constituting a means of support for traction n heels, not shown, but vhich are adapted to carry or convey the machine to the point where it is to be used, or which, when the machine is driven by a source of power thereon will constitute the traction or driving n heels proper, the vertical adjustability of these traction or driving wheels through the agency of the bolts and slots shown making it possible to vary the depth of soil which it is desired to cultivate.

15, 15 are rotary spades or shovels secured at their opposite sides by arms directly to the hubs 13, 18 and adapted to rotate therewith in the direction of the arrov s, Fig. 1, there being shown three such shovels.

It is to be noted that the relation of the gearing of the several sprocket wheels and sprocket chains is preferably such the speed of rotation of the spades or shovels would be about six times that of the rotation of the drum 4, and also that by reason of the intermediate sprocket wheels 6, 6, there is given to the rotary shovels a rotation in the direction of rotation of the traction or driving Wheels of the drum 4, and this feature of retation of the shovels in the direction indicated constitutes an important point of novelty of my invention, as will be described later on in connection with the description of the mode of operation.

24, 24 are the cutting edges of the shovels which are of good steel and detachably secured thereto (see Fig. 5) and it will be apparent, on inspection of the drawings, that the distance from the center of the stationary shaft 14 on which the shovels are ournaled to said edges is considerably greater than the distance from the same point to the rear edges 22, 22 of said shovels, and this feature is made the more apparent by virtue of the dotted circle Which passes through all of the edges 24, 24. The function of this difference in radial lines of the front and back edges of the shovels will be described also in connec tion With the description of the mode of operation.

23, 23 are triangular sha ed extensions at the rear sides of the shove s for causing the same to hold the soil therein until it has been turned completely over and is ready for discharge therefrom.

25 is an arm rigidly secured to the center of the stationary shaft 14 and provided with. a head 26 27, 27 being arms extending therefrom and to which are pivotally supported sharp edged scrapers 28, 28 through the agency of short arms 29, 29 (see Fig. 4) 30, 30 being stationary shoulders 011 the arms 27, 27 and 31, 31 movable shoulders integral with the arms 29, 29, said combined shoulders limiting the outward pivotal movement of the scrapers.

33 is a curvilinear metallic apron secured. directly to the pivoted arms 29, 29 and. moving therewith and hence with the scrapers 28, 28, and 32 is a strong curvilinear spring secured at one end directly to the under surface of the arm 25, the free end thereof having sliding bearing against the inner surface of the curvilinear metallic apron 32-3, these parts constituting together means for ejecting nnd pulverizing the soil as it leaves the shovels, so that harrowing or cultivating with addi-- tienal appliances will not be nwcssitnled.

84 is a series of heavy iron rollers journaled beneath the rear end of the frame in vertical standards 35, 35 having sliding movementin the standards 2, 2 of the frame.

36, 36 are racks on the front faces of the standards and 37, 37 are pinions supported at the outer ends of a rotary shaft 2:355 journaled in the frame, said pinions being adapted to mesh with the racks and to move the same vertically through the agency of a detachable operating handle 35). This handle may be locked by any preferred means so as to prevent movement of the rack when. adjusted to the proper height.

41 is a curved guard or apron fo preventing the soil from being thrown. from the shovels and upon the rollers 34, and also for aiding in more effectually pulvcrizing the soil as it is snapped or thrown from the shovels, and 42 is scraper blade yieldingly pivoted to the standards 35 for the purpose of scrap ing any dirt off the rollers 34, 34 which may accumulate thereon.

43 are holes in the front standards 2, 2, for receiving a draw bar 44 to which is secured a clevis 45 or other draft ZLtfdtClllllOlll].

I will now describe the mode of operation:-i"is shown in Fig. 1, my improved plow illustrated as in operation, the same acting through the agency of its own weight for forcing the (utters or blades 18, 18 into the soil to the full length of said blades, the drum 4 in this instance determining this depth and upon the sup position that the device is being drawn by an extraneous source of power, as animal power or the like attached to the clcvis -15. As thus drawn the blades 18, 18 cut or slice the soil into five strips of equal width and. inasmuch as the ratio of the gearing liietween the sprocket wheels 5, 5, 6, 6, S, S, and 9, 9 and the interconnected sprocket chains is preferably such as to give to the shovels a of the drawings 1 speed of rotation approximately six times t at of the drum 4, said shovels are, therefore, caused to cut the strips into relatively thin slices and as they advance in their course of rotation the upper surface of the soil, and the grass, manure, or other substance thereon, is brou ht into frictional contact with the triangu ar shaped holding extensions 23, 23 and thus carried forward until the soil is turned completely u side down; that is to say, in the position s own at the extreme left in Fig. 1.. At this point the sharp edged scrapers 28, 28 which are so constructed that their lateral edges pass between the lateral edges of the trianglular shaped extensions'enter the shovel an by reason of the action of the spring 32 are caused to bear firmly against the inner curvilinear face of that particular shovel, and as the same is advanced the spring is ut under strong tension by reason of the d erence in radia of the front and back edges of the shovel, as before described, so that finally when the soil is pushed out at the bottom, the scra ers 28' are suddenly snapped backwar and with them the curved a ron 33, thus giving to the soil a sudden slifock which pulverizes it and leaves it in the condition shown at the extreme left with the rass, manure or other substance underneat As the machine advances the heavy rollers 34, 34 roll it down level and and cut a relatively thin surface of the soil with the expenditure of relatively less energy, it only becomes necessary to apply the two front traction wheels and make such adjustment for cutting it as may be required through the agency of the bolts, slots and spindles, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Obviously the means of propelling the entire apparatus through the agency of a portable source of power carried thereby may be applied in a mannerreadily a preciable to those skilled in the art of ap l ying power mechanisms in connection W151 the utilization of energy.

I do not limit my invention to the especial details of construction shown in the accompanying drawings, as a number of the features thereof may be departed from and still come within the scope of my claims hereinafter made. I believe it is broadly new with me to provide a rotary plow which cuts and being turns the soil upside down in its mode of operation and at the same time pulverizes it and prepares it for seeding at one o eration, and my claims are genenc as to t ese features.

Having thus described my invention what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. Means for dividing the -soil into a series of parallel strips embracing a series of cutters or blades and two concentric drums provided with openings therethrough; in combination with bolts extending through the inner ends of the cutters and the ends of the drums, the structural arrangement such that the bolts and concentric drums hold the cutters rigidly in place, substantially as described.

2. Means for preparing soil for seeding at one operation, embracing a series of cutters and a series of rotary s ades, all supported by a common frame an intergeared in such relationthat the spades follow the cutters as the machine advances; in combination with means for successively ejecting the soil from the spades and pulverizing it; together with means following the spades for rolling or leveling the pulverized soil, substantially as described.

3. A plow embracing a series of rotary cutters adapted to slice the soil successively as it advances; in combinationewith rotary spades'and a single ejecting device adapted to'eject the soil successively from eachof said spades as they are rotated, substantially as described. 4. Means for preparing soil for seeding at one operation, embracing a supporting frame; a series of rotary cutters; a series of rotary spades adapted to follow said cutters; a single ejecting device adapted to eject the soil from each of the spades successively as they rotate, and additional means for rolling or leveling the same after it is thus ejected, substantially as described.

5. Means for preparing soil for seeding at one operation, embracing a supporting frame, a rotary drum carrying a series of sets of cutters or blades; a series of rotary spades journaled behind the cutters and geared thereto through speed gear; a single ejecting device adapted to eject the soil and pulverizing it as each spade is rotated ast said ejector, and additional means for ro 'ng or leveling it, substantiall as described.

In testimony whereof l have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

NICOLA GIUSTO.

. Witnesses:

LAWRENCE ZAMBONI, GENNARO C. OoRsI. 

